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1860-1900 England

An oak chair from a design by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Glasgow 1898.
© Christies New York, Masterworks 1900-2000, 8th June 00'

Some ideas on which Art Nouveau was based were extremely recent. One of its most important forerunners was the Arts & Crafts movement, which had started to grow in England, the cradle of industrialisation, in the middle of the 19th century. Protests against the widespread "industrial historicism" provided the starting point for its endeavours to instigate reforms.

The counter prescription was: A return to purely handcrafted production and to the organisational form of the mediaeval guilds, which meant close co-operation between builders, craftsmen and painters.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh, a graduate of the "Glasgow School of Art" was one of the protagonists of this ideology.

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